SynchronousMachine

Conventions

Figure 1: Synchronous Machine. Figure courtesy of PowerWorld

For the d–q reference frame:

  • The q-axis leads the d-axis

  • The rotor angle is measured from the q-axis

Types

  • Classical Generator (See GenClassical)

  • Round Rotor (See GENROU)

  • Salient Rotor/Pole (See GENSAL)

  • GENPWS

  • GENTPF

  • GENTPJ

  • GENQEC

Per-Unit Basis

Terminal impedances use the machine base. With a common voltage base,

\[Z^\mathrm{sys}=Z^\mathrm{mach}\dfrac{S^\mathrm{sys}}{S^\mathrm{base}}\]

\(S^\mathrm{sys}\) and \(S^\mathrm{base}\) are the system and machine power bases in megavolt-amperes.

Saturation

GENROU and GENSAL use the smooth quadratic ramp:

\[k_\mathrm{sat}=S_Bq(\psi-S_A)\]

Here \(\psi=\psi''\) for GENROU and \(\psi=E'_q\) for GENSAL. Each model defines its saturation fit.